302 Retro Phone

The design 302 phone are a work desk set telephone that was stated in america by west Electrical starting in 1937, as well as in Canada by Northern Electrical through to the late 1950s, well after the introduction of the modern-day design 500 telephone in 1949. The sets were consistently restored to the 1960s.

The 302 was an associate of this 300-series telephones and is sculpted by the commercial design company of Henry Dreyfuss. It had been one of the primary widely used US combined telephone sets to include the ringer and system circuitry in identical phone housing.

Henry Dreyfuss was an American professional fashion designer. Dreyfuss and his company obtained global recognition for numerous design for an extensive spectrum of consumer and commercial items, including their long-time connection aided by the west Electric company while the Bell program for designing telephones from the 1930s through the 1960s. His design philosophy is centered on applied common sense and medical principles and lead to significant contributions to man factor evaluation and customer study.

Dreyfuss ended up being an indigenous of Brooklyn, New York. Among the star professional designers regarding the 1930s and 1940s, Dreyfuss considerably improved the appearance, feeling, and functionality of dozens of consumer goods. Unlike Raymond Loewy and other contemporaries, Dreyfuss was not a stylist: he used good sense and a scientific method of layout troubles. Their jobs both popularized the field for general public usage, making considerable efforts into underlying sphere of ergonomics, anthropometrics and human issue. Until 1920 Dreyfuss examined as an apprentice to theatrical fashion designer Norman Bel Geddes, his later competition, and started his own office in 1929 for theatrical and industrial build tasks. It had been an instantaneous and long-lasting commercial achievements. By 2005 his company consistently work as Henry Dreyfuss Associates in Ann Arbor, Michigan, with corporate clients.
Styles

Dreyfuss along with his associates created several of the most common and iconic services and products of twentieth-century The united states. Among them:

Western Electric 302 tabletop phone for Bell Laboratories (released 1936–1954)
Hoover design 150 vacuum cleaner (1936)
Timeless Westclox gigantic Ben alarm clock (1939–present)
Ny core Railroad’s streamlined Mercury train, both locomotive and passenger cars (1936)
NYC Hudson locomotive for twentieth-century brief (1938)
Popular Democracity model city for the future on 1939 New York World’s Fair at the Trylon and Perisphere
Styled John Deere design the and design B tractors (1938)
Wahl-Eversharp Skyline fountain pen (1940)
Royal Typewriter Organization’s Quiet DeLuxe (belated 1940s)
West Electric 500 Bell System table and wall telephones (1949 – 1972)
Two American steamships, S.S. Independence and S.S. Constitution for United states Export outlines (1951–2)
Honeywell T87 “the circular” circular wall thermostat (1953–present)
Spherical Hoover design 82 Constellation vacuum cleaner which floated on an air-cushion of the very own exhaust (1954)
Hoover design 65 convertible vacuum (1957)
Princess phone (1959)
Bankers Trust Building at 280 Park Avenue in New york, new york, with Emery Roth & Sons (1963)
Design 1500 10 digit touchtone (1963)
Trimline phone (1965–present)
Model 2500 12 digit touchtone (1968–present)
Polaroid SX-70 Land camera (1972)

Later lives

In 1955, Dreyfuss composed Designing for People. a screen into Dreyfuss’s job as an industrial fashion designer, the book illustrated his ethical and visual concepts, included build circumstances research, numerous anecdotes, and a description of his “Joe” and “Josephine” anthropometric maps. In 1960 he published The Measure of Man, an accumulation of ergonomic guide maps providing manufacturers precise specs for items design. In 1965, Dreyfuss became the initial President of Industrial Designers community of America (IDSA). In 1969, Dreyfuss resigned from company he launched, but proceeded offering most companies he worked with as board member and expert. In 1972 Dreyfuss posted The representation Sourcebook, A Comprehensive help guide to Overseas Graphic Symbols. This artistic databases of over 20,000 signs consistently incorporate a regular for manufacturing developers throughout the world.

Designed by the company of Henry Dreyfuss, the 302-type phone included layout elements affected by Ericsson model DBH 1001 of 1931, designed in 1929 because of the Norwegian artist and designer Jean Heiberg. After area trials in 1936, large-scale deployment commenced and model ended up being never ever totally resigned from service within the Bell System.
The Ericsson model DBH 1001 of 1931 had been a very good influence on the subsequent Model 302 design

The design 302 was initial Western Electric phone to include the ringer and system circuitry in the same desktop product. Previously Western electricity versions needed the use of an external subscriber ready (subset), containing the ringer and system circuitry, typically attached to a wall.

The design 302 is made upon a rectangular metal base plate where had been mounted the ringer device, the induction coil, a steel can containing two capacitors, and a connector terminal plate. The beds base had been sustained by four felt- or leather-covered triangular ft attached under each part. The housing sat on top of the base, guaranteed with screws, and contained the rotary switch and also the switchhook, which was triggered by two plungers in handset cradle.

Many 302 telephone sets had been stated in black colored; however, coated colors sets had been obtainable by 1939 for clients ready to pay a surcharge for the solution. The housing ended up being originally throw from a zinc alloy until manufacturing units had been more and more made from a thermoplastic materials, Tenite, in 1941. The thermoplastic housings are available in addition in five colors: ivory, Pekin red, green, blue, and rose until phone production is suspended because of the military materials criteria for WW-II by sales of the War Production Board. Post-war telephone production resumed with black colored synthetic housings in 1945 and also by 1949 colors units were reintroduced. Custom colors may be ordered, like the standard dark silver, statuary bronze, old metal, and oxidized silver colors that may be special-ordered through the Bell program.

All very early telephone units have dials with material little finger wheels, while beginning in 1941 the coloured thermoplastic units showcased obvious synthetic little finger tires. Dial amounts plates are created from metal with a white vitreous enamel face.

The 302 was a durable and simply repaired table phone. Most U.S. phones are rented to subscribers from Bell program included in the monthly solution costs. However, west Electric also built 302 phones available to independent phone businesses.

Starting in August 1955 and expanding to the sixties, the Bell program remanufactured the 302 as the kind 5302, with a recently created housing, and eventually because of the G-type handset of this 500-type telephone, which offered the ready an equivalent appearance to your 500.

In addition to the model 302, the Western electricity 300-series included most variations and special-purpose systems with extra functions. Conversion kits utilizing a 302 housing and F1 device to restore older handbook candlestick phones with an external subset were available.

I always been thinking about your whole “Lucy mobile” thing. Why has got the Western electricity model 302 be connected so closely with Lucille Ball? I am aware that phone showed up usually in “Everyone loves Lucy”, however it was also in just about every single other film and television show created through the ’40s and ’50s. The 302 is, in the end, a substantial technical leap, and cheerfully replaced earlier systems quickly upon its introduction in ’37. Most American households have one, therefore the presence of a 302 when you look at the Ricardo’s apartment isn’t extraordinary. But the phone is obviously noticeable, and I also doubt discover just one episode where trusty 302 is not in basic see. The interest in the show, then and today, isn’t any doubt the main reason why Lucy along with her phone were joined up with into the public mindful forever.
While we’re on the subject of TV shows and phones, I was seeing Leave they to Beaver last week. Ward answers the telephone, and what kind do you really suppose it absolutely was? A Western Electricity design 500. (which could or may possibly not be regarded one day as, the Beaver mobile)

The 300 show had been produced from 1936 until 1954.
The fundamental design is situated in models numbered from 250 to 466.
During their lifetime, over 25 million units had been produced.

The 300 show is west’s first work desk set family that included the ringer, coil and capacitor into the base, forming an entire phone-in one bundle. Earlier products needed an external subscriber put (subset), which contained these components.

Base housings are made of steel from 1936-46.
Thermoplastic housings were made of 1941-1954.

Your family’s life is extended into the sixties as parts had been refurbed in to the “modern” lookin 5300s, which seemed somewhat just like the 500-series (established in 1949).

This site is intended to be a quick overview regarding the versions produced and big features.
Western catalogs and technical paperwork just reveal the versions which were in manufacturing or services in the publication time. To know the full scope of products produced we must compile data from several years of files.

Model Quantity, Suffix and Mounting Code

Each phone have a 3-digit design amounts beginning with 2, three or four. They’re generally, however constantly noted in ink on the bottom of mobile. If a model number isn’t discover, seek a mounting rule.

Model numbers posses suffix letters that comprise variants, such as manual/dial or few installing cord conductors. Most are defined below, but also for information check out the Bell System technical documents (e.g. catalogs and BSPs – Bell System Practices).

Mounting rules tend to be allocated for combinations of technical and electrical features unique to each model. They truly are usually located nearby the rear cord gap, externally stamped in to the metal on early sets and inside in red ink on subsequent units and thermoplastic units. It is possible to usually understand installation rule just because inside, by searching round the line cable or in the recess the rear bottom dish screw.

H1 installing on metallic base anyone 302 H1 tagging near cable hole
H1 installing code on:
away from an early die cast zinc base and inside a later on Tenite synthetic base.

Typical Suffix codes – e.g. 302CW (See each ready’s BSPs for details)
A – manual
B – switch, numbers just
C – switch, figures and letters
D – switch, celebration range (letters JMRW)

W – no Bell program markings

If you should be identifying a mobile, you nevertheless still need to test the inner elements as many devices were refurbed along with internal elements changed or eliminated. If carried out in a Bell program refurb premises, the signal from the bottom ended up being frequently repainted or remarked. Numerous independent stores or field mods were not remarked aided by the precise design number.

In 1856, George Shawk purchased an electric manufacturing business in Cleveland, Ohio. On December 31, 1869, he became partners with Enos M. Barton and, later on exactly the same seasons, offered his share to creator Elisha Gray. In 1872 Barton, and Gray relocated the business to Clinton Street, Chicago, Illinois, and incorporated they once the west Electric Manufacturing business. They manufactured many different electrical goods including typewriters, alarms, and lights and had a detailed relationship with telegraph providers west Union, to whom they furnished relays also products.

In 1875, Gray offered their passions to Western Union, such as the caveat he have filed against Alexander Graham Bell’s patent application when it comes to phone. The ensuing legal battle between Western Union therefore the Bell Telephone organization over patent legal rights finished in 1879 with west Union withdrawing from telephone marketplace and Bell obtaining Western Electric in 1881.
1969 Western Electrical medallion celebrating the 100-year anniversary of their founding.

Western Electric had been the initial company to join in a Japanese partnership with foreign capital. In 1899, it purchased a 54percent share regarding the Nippon Electrical business, Ltd. West Electrical’s agent in Japan was Walter Tenney Carleton.

In 1901, west electricity privately purchased a controlling interest in a main competitor, the Kellogg Switchboard & offer providers, but was later on forced by a lawsuit to market.

On July 24, 1915, employees of this Hawthorne Functions boarded the SS Eastland in downtown Chicago for a company picnic. The ship rolled over at the dock and over 800 folks passed away. (Understand Eastland catastrophe.)

In 1920, Alice Heacock Seidel was the first of west Electric’s feminine staff members is offered permission to remain on after she have married. This put a precedent in providers, which earlier had not let married ladies in their particular employ. Neglect Heacock have worked for west Electric for sixteen years before the woman marriage, and is at the time the highest-paid assistant within the team. From a memoir of the girl lifetime, she writes that the choice to allow her to remain on “required a gathering associated with top executives to decide whether i may continue to be with the organization, for it set up a precedent and a fresh plan when it comes to organization – that wedded feamales in their particular employ. If women at the top are allowed to stay after marriage after that all ladies would expect the same privilege. How far and how quickly the policy is extended are shown by the proven fact that a few years later females were given pregnancy renders without any lack of time on the services documents.”

In 1925, ITT bought the Bell phone production business of Brussels, Belgium, along with other globally subsidiaries from AT&T, to prevent an antitrust activity. The business made rotary program switching equipment under the west electricity brand name.

In early stages, Western Electric in addition was able an electrical equipment distribution business, furnishing their customers with non-telephone services and products produced by more providers. This electric circulation business was spun faraway from west Electrical in 1925 and arranged into another organization, Graybar Electrical team, honoring their creators, Elisha Gray and Enos Barton.

Bell phone Laboratories was half-owned by west electricity, one other one half belonging to AT&T.

In 1926, Western Electric granted the very first Bell System phone with a handset containing both the transmitter and receiver in identical unit. Previous phones was for the candlestick means which featured a stationary transmitter when you look at the desktop computer set or even the wall surface mount, and a hand-held receiver becoming placed on an individual’s ear. This desktop computer unit was built by reducing the candlestick neck to about an inch long and placing a handset cradle on top. This is the A1 mount, that was replaced within 2 years because of the B1 installation ready, which featured an integrated build in structured form. It however have exactly the same circular impact associated with candlestick, which proved also unstable when dialing numbers, and is henceforth changed with a wider build making use of an oval footprint, the D1 installing base in 1930.

Concurrently towards mechanical progress, the electronic cosmetics of Western electricity telephones saw advances in sidetone decrease. Sidetone try an electronic comments sensation through which the customers of phone would notice their very own sound really loudly within the receiver. This triggered most people to lower their particular vocals volume to unsatisfactory amounts. 1st manufacturing volumes of both the B1 and D1 supports included just the elderly electronic devices, without sidetone suppression. Such phone versions where designated with all the assembly signal 102 (Model 102 phone), while later models starting in 1930, containing anti-sidetone circuitry, had been the design 202 telephone set. These early desktop phones did not have any electronic devices in the mounting base itself, but instead relied on an external customer set (subset) containing the ringer with gongs, as well as the electronics (induction coils, capacitors) to interface with all the phone community. These customer sets are usually installed on a wall close to the running area for phone.

The year 1936 brought the statement associated with model 302 phone, the very first Western Electric tool that combined the desktop phone mount with all the customer ready and ringer in a single unit. The style is conceived by the engineering firm of commercial designer Henry Dreyfuss also it is the mainstay of American telephone service until 1950, when it ended up being accompanied by the model 500 telephone, which became the absolute most extensively created phone model in the industry’s background. It had been continually up-to-date in the long run, showing brand new products and manufacturing processes, such as for example quieter and smoother switch gearing and a printed circuit board when it comes to system electronic devices. The model 500 ended up being stopped in 1986, and only the sort 2500, that were readily available since 1969. The 2500-series utilized in-band dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling for transmitting digits to your main company, replacing the rotary switch. DTMF technology is labeled because of the trademark Touch-Tone.

More innovations included the Princess phones associated with the 1960s, then followed immediately by the Trimline models.

Western Electrical’s switching products included the development of the Electronic flipping System (ESS). The number 1 ESS was initially setup in 1965. The 4ESS ended up being 1st digital toll changing program, implemented in 1976. Finally, in 1981, the 5ESS was implemented through the entire united states of america.

In 1929, west electricity joined as an industry rival for very early movies sound methods. It developed the west electricity Universal Base, a device by which early quiet movies projectors could possibly be modified to screen sound movies. Western Electric created a wide-audio-range horn loudspeaker for cinemas. This is calculated is nearly 50per cent effective, thus allowing a cinema to-be filled up with noise from a 3-watt amplifier. This is a significant breakthrough in 1929 because high-powered audio valves (tubes) weren’t typically available.

And also being a provider towards the Bell System, west Electrical played a major role inside development and creation of expert sound tracking and reproducing products, including:

the Vitaphone system which introduced sound into the videos;
the electrical tracking technologies used by record companies when you look at the belated 1920s (regardless of the preferred electrical program employed by Autograph registers and its particular management, Orlando R. Marsh);
the Orthophonic phonograph, an acoustical phonograph with a set regularity reaction tailored for reproduction of electrically recorded disks;
the Westrex (variable thickness) optical sound that been successful they for motion picture movie production and production prints;
the Westrex magnetized noise (mono and stereo) that been successful they for motion picture film manufacturing (until the Swiss made Kudelski monaural Nagra III is adopted by Hollywood) and a few production’s production images;
the Westrex stereo variable-area optical sound that been successful they for inexpensive stereo production images;
the Westrex cutter and system for recording stereophonic noise in a single-groove gramophone record that has been suitable for monophonic gear.

For these reasons, many US movies of the period function the Western electricity logo design inside their on-screen credits.

In 1950, at the start of the cool War, Western Electrical had been picked to create 1st demonstrator for SOSUS anti-submarine noise surveillance system. Later on, the business had been prime contractor when it comes to Safeguard anti-ballistic missile system, which run shortly from 1975.

Tenite is a brandname of cellulosic thermoplastic content from the Eastman Chemical business. Produced in 1929, and trademarked in 1932, Tenite has been used in a wide variety of consumer, manufacturing, architectural and medical solutions. Tenite cellulosics are made of green raw materials (soft woods); they exhibit lots of the same tactile and finish qualities as lumber, yet could easily be molded and extruded. Historically, solutions for Tenite has diverse from radios and telephones, to toys, toothbrushes and eyeglass structures.
History

In 1920, George Eastman established your website that would later on end up being the headquarters for Eastman Chemical to deliver a reliable domestic method of getting chemical substances for Kodak’s photographic processes. Making use of their particular familiarity with acetyl biochemistry for film production, Tennessee Eastman created compounded cellulose acetate in 1929, which was sold soon thereafter in Tenite cellulosics trade-mark. Across after that couple of years variations using combined esters had been launched to satisfy a wider number of marketplace requirement.
Manufacturing
Tenite cellulosics are manufactured from cellulose acetate and delivered as Tenite Acetate, Tenite Butyrate, and Tenite Propionate. Their mechanical, thermal, electric, and optical characteristics is tuned significantly with differing degrees of plasticizers. Colorants are included for coloured merchandise. The materials is refined into pellets for circulation. Downstream producers shape or extrude the pellets into applications from eyeglass structures and appliance manages to credit cards and casino dice.

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Model 302 Telephone, Henry DreyfussCooper Hewitt …

Telephone, Model 302, ca. 1937. Designed by Henry Dreyfuss for Bell Telephone Company, manufactured by Western Electric Manufacturing Company.

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